The common linear module drive method of CNC system mainly has the following kinds, each drive method has different characteristics and application scenarios:
1.Ball Screw Drive
Features:
High precision: repeatability up to ±0.005mm, suitable for high-precision machining requirements.
High rigidity: can withstand large loads, suitable for large cutting or high loads.
High bearing capacity: ball screw structure can transmit large torque and meet the high strength requirements of industrial production.
Application Scenarios:
CNC machine tools (such as milling machines, lathe feed systems).
Precision machining equipment (e.g. optical component processing, semiconductor manufacturing, etc.).
High-precision measuring instruments (such as coordinate measuring machines).
Maintenance Requirements: regular cleaning of grime and replacement of grease (e.g. every 50km maintenance) are required to extend service life.
2. Synchronous Belt Drive
Features:
High speed: up to 1-2m/s for quick positioning requirements.
Long stroke: Effective stroke of up to 3.5 meters, well above the ball screws limit of 1.5 meters.
Low noise: belt drive is smooth, vibration and noise are minimal.
Low cost: simple structure and relatively low cost.
Purpose: Packaging machinery (such as automatic packing boxes and sealing equipment).
Electronic equipment assembly lines (e.g., PCB board handling and chip installation equipment).
Loading and unloading systems (e.g., logistics sorting and warehouse stacker cranes).
Weaknesses: Precision and bearing capacity lower than ball screws, not suitable for high precision or heavy duty applications.
3. Direct drive of linear motor
Features: No mechanical contact: eliminate transmission backlash, achieve zero backlash movement.
Hypervelocity and acceleration: Fast response time, suitable for high speed machining (e.g. laser cutting).
High dynamic performance: Speed up to a few grams, to meet complex trajectory control requirements.
Applications: Semiconductor manufacturing equipment (e.g., wafer handling and lithography machines).
Laser processing equipment (e.g., precision cutting and welding). High-speed automated production lines (e.g., electronic component assembly, 3C industry).
Technical Advantages: Nanoscale localization accuracy is achieved using direct-drive technologies (e.g., CDHD, CDHD2 servo drives) that support multiple feedback types (e.g., incremental encoders, resolver encoders) through Ethernet Square, CANopen, and other bus controls.
4. Cylinder Drive
Features: Fast response time: Compressed air driven, fast action speed.
Simple structure: low cost, easy to maintain.
Application scenarios: Light-load rapid positioning (e.g., dispensing machines, screw fastening machine).
Simple operation (such as small parts classification).
Limitations: Limited accuracy and load capacity, not suitable for high accuracy or overload.